Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Hyperkinetická porucha
Definícia: 

(ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou) je najčastejšou poruchou psychického vývinu v detskom veku.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Poruchy psychického vývinu
Pojem: 
Poruchy psychického vývinu
Definícia: 

Sú to geneticky a epigeneticky podmienené poruchy, ktorých podkladom je abnormálny neurovývin, t.z. majú jasnú biologickú podstatu.

Kľúčové slovo: 
neurovývin
Pojem: 
Komorbidita ADHD
Definícia: 

Spoločný výskyt menovanej psychiatrickej poruchy a iných psychiatrických porúch, u ktorých sa dá predpokladať iný patologicko-anatomický substrát, etiopatogenéza, a teda aj liečba.

Kľúčové slovo: 
ADHD
Pojem: 
Leukopénia
Definícia: 

je definovaná ako celkový počet bielych krvinek <4,000/μl

Kľúčové slovo: 
Leukopénia
Pojem: 
Neutropénia
Definícia: 

je definovaná ako pokles absolutného počtu neutrofilov (ANC)< 1500/μl u detí a <1000/μl u dojčiat

Kľúčové slovo: 
Neutropénia
Pojem: 
Posun doľava
Definícia: 

Zvýšené vyplavenie nezrelých foriem neutrofilov z kostnej drene do periférnej krvi

Kľúčové slovo: 
Posun doľava
Pojem: 
testis
Definícia: 

párová mužská pohlavná žľaza, semenník

Pojem: 
kryptorchizmus
Definícia: 

vrodená vývojová chyba, pri ktorej nedošlo k zostupu semenníkov do mieška

Pojem: 
aspirácia
Definícia: 

<p>vd&yacute;chnutie, nasatie. Napr: aspir&aacute;cia (vd&yacute;chnutie) cudzieho telesa. Aspir&aacute;cia (odsatie) sekr&eacute;tu z d&yacute;chac&iacute;ch ciest.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
aspirácia
Pojem: 
obezita
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoBodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"line-height: 18px;\">Obezita je stav, kdy energetick&aacute; rezerva uložena v tukov&eacute; tk&aacute;ni stoupla nad obvyklou &uacute;roveň a ohrožuje zdrav&iacute; jedince. Je definov&aacute;na hodnotou body mass indexu (BMI) vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m než 30.&nbsp;</span></p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
body mass index
Pojem: 
senilní retinoschiza (SR)
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Seniln&iacute; retinoschiza (SR) je patologick&yacute; roz&scaron;těp senzorick&eacute; č&aacute;sti s&iacute;tnice, při kter&eacute;m vznik&aacute; nov&yacute; prostor, kter&yacute; rozděluje neuroepitel s&iacute;tnice na dvě č&aacute;sti: vněj&scaron;&iacute; a vnitřn&iacute; list seniln&iacute; retinoschizy. Roz&scaron;těp senzorick&eacute; s&iacute;tnice může vzniknout v&nbsp;jak&eacute;koliv vrstvě. S&nbsp;progres&iacute; SR se nervov&eacute; elementy neuroepitelu a gli&aacute;ln&iacute; podpůrn&eacute; spoje elonguj&iacute; a n&aacute;sledně přeru&scaron;uj&iacute;. Tyto patologicko-anatomick&eacute; změny jsou v&nbsp;rozsahu SR prov&aacute;zeny absolutn&iacute;m skotomem.</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
retinoschiza
Pojem: 
odchlípení sítnice
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Odchl&iacute;pen&iacute; s&iacute;tnice separace cel&eacute; vrstvy &nbsp;neuroepitelu s&iacute;tnice od pigmentov&eacute;ho epitelu s&iacute;tnice. Tato separace vznik&aacute; nejčastěji&nbsp; na z&aacute;kladě defektu / defektů &nbsp;neuroepitelu s&iacute;tnice. Odchl&iacute;pen&iacute; s&iacute;tnice způsobuje &scaron;&iacute;ř&iacute;c&iacute; se v&yacute;pad zorn&eacute;ho pole, kter&yacute; může, bez chirurgick&eacute; l&eacute;čby, končit i slepotou oka.</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
sítnice
Pojem: 
kryochirurgický postup s použitím episklerálních silikonových implantátů
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Operačn&iacute; metoda, kter&aacute; se indikuje u prim&aacute;rn&iacute;ho odchl&iacute;pen&iacute; s&iacute;tnice. Na skl&eacute;ru se zakl&aacute;daj&iacute; stehy, kter&yacute;mi se fixuje&nbsp; silikonov&yacute; implant&aacute;t a to&nbsp; v&nbsp;m&iacute;stě, kam se zevně prom&iacute;t&aacute; defekt neuroepitelu. Před konečnou &nbsp;fixac&iacute; silikonov&eacute;ho implant&aacute;tu se aplikuje kryopexe &nbsp;pro vyvol&aacute;n&iacute; aseptick&eacute;ho z&aacute;nětliv&eacute;ho procesu v&nbsp;okol&iacute; defektu neuroepitelu k&nbsp;navozen&iacute; chorioretin&aacute;ln&iacute;ho jizven&iacute;.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
implantát
Pojem: 
pars plana vitrektomie ( PPV)
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Operačn&iacute; metoda, kter&aacute; slouž&iacute; předev&scaron;&iacute;m&nbsp; k&nbsp;odstraněn&iacute; sklivce a d&aacute;le slouž&iacute; k&nbsp;o&scaron;etřen&iacute; chorobně změněn&eacute; s&iacute;tnice. Indikac&iacute; je &nbsp;např. nepř&iacute;znivě prob&iacute;haj&iacute;c&iacute; odchl&iacute;pen&iacute; s&iacute;tnice s&nbsp;obrovskou trhlinou s&iacute;tnice, s&nbsp;trhlinou uloženou v&nbsp;oblasti zadn&iacute;ho p&oacute;lu oka, odchl&iacute;pen&iacute; s&iacute;tnice s&nbsp;vysokou tendenc&iacute; k&nbsp;jizven&iacute; atd. Na konci PPV se často indikuje vnitřn&iacute; tampon&aacute;da s&iacute;tnice:</p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"CS\"><br /></span></p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"CS\">a/ dočasn&aacute; tampon&aacute;da expanzivn&iacute;m plynem, kter&yacute; se v&nbsp;pooperačn&iacute;m obdob&iacute; spont&aacute;nně resorbuje,</span></p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"CS\">b/ dlouhodob&aacute; tampon&aacute;da silikonov&yacute;m olejem.</span></p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
sklivec
Pojem: 
bakteriémia
Definícia: 

<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>SK</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val=\"Cambria Math\" /> <m:brkBin m:val=\"before\" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val=\"&#45;-\" /> <m:smallFrac m:val=\"off\" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val=\"0\" /> <m:rMargin m:val=\"0\" /> <m:defJc m:val=\"centerGroup\" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val=\"1440\" /> <m:intLim m:val=\"subSup\" /> <m:naryLim m:val=\"undOvr\" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" DefUnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" DefSemiHidden=\"true\" DefQFormat=\"false\" DefPriority=\"99\" LatentStyleCount=\"267\"> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"0\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Normal\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 1\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"heading 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"9\" 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Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" 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Name=\"Book Title\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" Name=\"Bibliography\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";} --> <!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\">pr&iacute;tomnosť choroboplodn&yacute;ch z&aacute;rodkov v krvi</span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
sepsa
Pojem: 
BD-NOS: Bipolar Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified
Definícia: 

<p>&nbsp;&ndash; zahŕňa poruchy s bipol&aacute;rnymi črtami, ale nespĺňaj&uacute;cimi krit&eacute;ri&aacute; pre jasne vyjadren&uacute; BAP (podľa DSM-IV).</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
bipolárna porucha
Pojem: 
Bipolárna afektívna porucha
Definícia: 

<p>
<p style=\"line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;\">je psychick&aacute; porucha. Typicky sa prejavuje poruchou n&aacute;lady, ktor&aacute; v&nbsp;priebehu ochorenia kol&iacute;&scaron;e medzi dvoma p&oacute;lmi (&bdquo;bipol&aacute;rne&ldquo;).&nbsp;Ľudia s&nbsp;BAP zaž&iacute;vaj&uacute; v&nbsp;priebehu svojho života opakuj&uacute;ce sa obdobia (epiz&oacute;dy) chorobne zv&yacute;&scaron;enej n&aacute;lady a&nbsp;aktivity, ktor&eacute; sa naz&yacute;vaj&uacute; m&aacute;nia, obdobia chorobne poklesnutej n&aacute;lady či depresie a&nbsp;obdobia &bdquo;norm&aacute;lnej&ldquo; n&aacute;lady. S&uacute; pre ňu typick&eacute; v&yacute;razn&eacute; v&yacute;kyvy n&aacute;lady, myslenia, telesnej a psychickej aktivity a spr&aacute;vania.&nbsp;</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
poruchy nálady
Pojem: 
Miniinvazivní chirurgie
Definícia: 

<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\" lang=\"SK\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Směr v&nbsp;chirurgick&eacute;m snažen&iacute;, kdy omezujeme operačn&iacute; trauma použit&iacute;m &scaron;etrněj&scaron;&iacute;ch př&iacute;stupů, zahrnuje laparoskopii, thorakoskopii, artroskopie a&nbsp;dal&scaron;&iacute; nově vyv&iacute;jen&eacute; techniky. </span></span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
miniinvazivita

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