Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Hyperkinetická porucha
Definícia: 

(ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou) je najčastejšou poruchou psychického vývinu v detskom veku.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Poruchy psychického vývinu
Pojem: 
Poruchy psychického vývinu
Definícia: 

Sú to geneticky a epigeneticky podmienené poruchy, ktorých podkladom je abnormálny neurovývin, t.z. majú jasnú biologickú podstatu.

Kľúčové slovo: 
neurovývin
Pojem: 
Komorbidita ADHD
Definícia: 

Spoločný výskyt menovanej psychiatrickej poruchy a iných psychiatrických porúch, u ktorých sa dá predpokladať iný patologicko-anatomický substrát, etiopatogenéza, a teda aj liečba.

Kľúčové slovo: 
ADHD
Pojem: 
Leukopénia
Definícia: 

je definovaná ako celkový počet bielych krvinek <4,000/μl

Kľúčové slovo: 
Leukopénia
Pojem: 
Neutropénia
Definícia: 

je definovaná ako pokles absolutného počtu neutrofilov (ANC)< 1500/μl u detí a <1000/μl u dojčiat

Kľúčové slovo: 
Neutropénia
Pojem: 
Posun doľava
Definícia: 

Zvýšené vyplavenie nezrelých foriem neutrofilov z kostnej drene do periférnej krvi

Kľúčové slovo: 
Posun doľava
Pojem: 
testis
Definícia: 

párová mužská pohlavná žľaza, semenník

Pojem: 
kryptorchizmus
Definícia: 

vrodená vývojová chyba, pri ktorej nedošlo k zostupu semenníkov do mieška

Pojem: 
substance P
Definícia: 

 

 

 

Kľúčové slovo: 
mediátor bolesti
Pojem: 
NMDA receptor
Definícia: 

 

 

 

Kľúčové slovo: 
iontový kanál
Pojem: 
AMPA receptor
Definícia: 

 

 

 

Kľúčové slovo: 
iontový kanál
Pojem: 
Atopia
Definícia: 

<p>(gr&eacute;cky &alpha;-&tau;&ocirc;&pi;&omicron;&sigmaf;, na nespr&aacute;vnom mieste) dedične podmienen&aacute; abnorm&aacute;lna precitlivelosť včasn&eacute;ho typu na určit&yacute; alerg&eacute;n alebo skupinu alerg&eacute;nov. Jej podstatou je zv&yacute;&scaron;en&aacute; protil&aacute;tkov&aacute; odpoveď v triede IgE, čo m&aacute; za n&aacute;sledok, že v tkanive prebehne odpoveď uvoľnen&iacute;m medi&aacute;torov anafylaxie už na veľmi n&iacute;zke d&aacute;vky alerg&eacute;nu, tvorba &scaron;pecifick&yacute;ch IgE protil&aacute;tok pretrv&aacute;va abnorm&aacute;lne dlho aj bez ďal&scaron;ej stimul&aacute;cie alerg&eacute;nom.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
precitlivenosť
Pojem: 
Dermatitis
Definícia: 

<p>z gr&eacute;čtiny derma-koža, itis &ndash; sufix znamenaj&uacute;ci z&aacute;pal. Z&aacute;pal kože, ktor&yacute; sa rozdeľuje podľa viacer&yacute;ch krit&eacute;ri&iacute; do mnoh&yacute;ch skup&iacute;n.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
dermatitída
Pojem: 
Ekzém
Definícia: 

<p>(Ecz&eacute;ma, tis. n., z gr&eacute;ckeho &bdquo;&epsilon;&kappa;&zeta;&epsilon;&mu;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&ldquo; resp. ekzeps&oacute;-variť, kypieť). Z&aacute;palov&eacute; ochorenie kože, poch&aacute;dzaj&uacute;ce zv&auml;č&scaron;a z precitlivenosti. Chronick&eacute; formy ekz&eacute;mu a ak&uacute;tne prejavy dermatit&iacute;d sa v s&uacute;časnosti zaraďuj&uacute; pod pojem &bdquo;epidermov&aacute; intolerančn&aacute; reakcia&ldquo;.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
zápalové ochorenie kože
Pojem: 
Mycosis fungoides
Definícia: 

<p>prv&yacute; raz op&iacute;sal franc&uacute;zky dermatol&oacute;g Jean Luis Marc Alibert (1806), ako kožn&yacute; tumor vzhľadu &bdquo;pian fungoide&ldquo;, či nesk&ocirc;r v roku 1935 ako &bdquo;mycosis fungoides&ldquo; čiže hubovit&eacute; plesňov&eacute; ochorenie. I&scaron;lo o morfologick&yacute; opis makroskopick&yacute;ch zmien na koži a nie o etipatogen&eacute;zu. Dnes sa choroba zaraďuje medzi non-Hodgkinove mal&iacute;gne lymf&oacute;my kože T- p&ocirc;vodu.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
non-Hodgkinov malígny lymfóm kože T- pôvodu
Pojem: 
konkomitantná liečba
Definícia: 

<p>s&uacute;bežn&eacute; pod&aacute;vanie r&ocirc;znych liečebn&yacute;ch modal&iacute;t</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
liečba
Pojem: 
Bakteriální imunomodulátory
Definícia: 

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<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><a name=\"pojem\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span lang=\"CS\">&nbsp;</span></span></a><span lang=\"CS\">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style=\"line-height: 150%;\"><a name=\"definicia\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"></span></a><span lang=\"CS\">Př&iacute;pravky, kter&eacute; označujeme jako bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute; imunomodul&aacute;tory, patř&iacute; do vět&scaron;&iacute; skupiny imunomodulačn&iacute;ch prepar&aacute;tů, kter&eacute; souhrně označujeme jako imunomodul&aacute;tory bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute;ho původu nebo bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute; imunomodul&aacute;tory. Tyto term&iacute;ny se použ&iacute;vaj&iacute; posledn&iacute;ch 20 - 30 let, dř&iacute;ve se sp&iacute;&scaron;e použ&iacute;val term&iacute;n bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute; vakc&iacute;ny. Jedn&aacute; se o př&iacute;pravky vyroben&eacute; z&nbsp;usmrcen&yacute;ch a různě opracovan&yacute;ch bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute;ch těl nebo někter&yacute;ch jejich č&aacute;st&iacute; (bakteri&aacute;ln&iacute; stěny, organely).</span></p>
<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span lang=\"CS\"></span></span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
bakteriální imunomodulátory
imunomodulace
recidivující infekce
Pojem: 
intrapartálna antibiotická profylaxia
Definícia: 

Primárne preventívne opatrenie na zníženie rizika skorej novorodeneckej infekcie spôsobenej streptokokmi skupiny B. Spočíva v podaní antibiotika intravenóznym spôsobom tehotnej žene s pozitívnym kultivačným rektovaginálnym vyšetrením na streptokoka skupiny B. Účelom je dosiahnuť účinné koncentrácie antibiotika v plodovej vode a fetálnej cirkuláci. Za dostatočnú sa profylaxia považuje, ak pôrod nastal viac ako 4 hodiny od ukončenia intravenóznej aplikácie 1. dávky antibiotika. Liekom prvej voľby je penicilín, respektíve ampicilín.

Kľúčové slovo: 
profylaxia

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