Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Extrakraniální radioterapie a radiochirurgie
Definícia: 

Extrakraniální stereotaktická radioterapie/radiochirurgie (SBRT – stereotactic body radiotherapy) využívá velmi přesné aplikace vysoké jednotlivé dávky záření v malém počtu frakcí. Díky stále lepší vybavenosti radioterapeutických pracovišť z hlediska možností obrazové navigace a fixace pacientů lze stereotaktický přístup využít prakticky ve všech anatomických lokalitách. S výhodou nalézá uplatnění zvláště při léčbě nádorových ložisek v plících, játrech, dutině břišní či pánvi a ve skeletu.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Radiochirurgie
Pojem: 
syndróm nedostatku testosterónu - TDS
Definícia: 

<div>TDS (testosterone deficiency syndrome) je definovan&yacute; ako klinick&yacute; a biochemick&yacute; syndr&oacute;m, ku ktor&eacute;mu doch&aacute;dza v procese starnutia mužov. Nedostatok testoster&oacute;nu u postihnut&yacute;ch mužov nepriaznivo vpl&yacute;va na funkcie viacer&yacute;ch org&aacute;nov&yacute;ch syst&eacute;mov. Vedie k podstatn&eacute;mu zhor&scaron;eniu kvality života. U mužov medzi 40 - 70 rokmi kles&aacute; biologicky akt&iacute;vny testoster&oacute;n v s&eacute;re približne o 1,2 % ročne.</div>

Pojem: 
Spolupráca endokrinológa a oftalmológa pri endokrinnej orbitopatii
Definícia: 

Práca sa venuje návodu, ako by mala vyzerať spolupráca oftalmológa s endokrinológom a zbytočným chybám, ku ktorým často zbytočne dochádza.

Kľúčové slovo: 
hrúbka extraokulárnych svalov
vnútroočný tlak
epidemiologické faktory
Endokrinná orbitopatia
farebná dopplerovská ultrasonografia
Pojem: 
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) – epiteliálno-mezenchymálny prechod
Definícia: 

<p>
<pre>je fyziologick&yacute; proces prebiehaj&uacute;ci v embryogen&eacute;ze a pri hojen&iacute; r&aacute;n. Prejavuje sa aj v patologick&yacute;ch procesoch tumorigen&eacute;zy, ako s&uacute; inici&aacute;cia
a progresia n&aacute;dorov. Z&aacute;kladnou vlastnosťou EMT je strata epitelovej morfol&oacute;gie bunky a z&iacute;skanie vlastnost&iacute;, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; podobn&eacute; fibroblastom. Je
to sp&ocirc;soben&eacute; najm&auml; zn&iacute;ženou expresiou E-kadher&iacute;nu v d&ocirc;sledku aktiv&aacute;cie transkripčn&eacute;ho komplexu TCF/LEF s b-katen&iacute;nom, ako aj transkripčn&yacute;ch
faktorov Twist, Snai1, ZEB, ktor&yacute;ch aktivita koreluje s fenotypom kmeňov&yacute;ch buniek.</pre>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
iniciácia a progresia nádorov
Pojem: 
Nasýtené mastné kyseliny (NMK)
Definícia: 

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<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\"><span></span></span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">maj&uacute; druh&yacute; najvy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; aterog&eacute;nny potenci&aacute;l. NMK nie s&uacute; len v&nbsp;živoč&iacute;&scaron;nych tukoch (maslo 62 %, bravčov&aacute; masť 40 %), ale aj v&nbsp;niektor&yacute;ch rastlinn&yacute;ch tukoch (kokosov&yacute; a&nbsp;palmov&yacute; olej). Zatiaľ st&aacute;le ch&yacute;ba legislat&iacute;va určuj&uacute;ca povinnosť v&yacute;robcu jasne deklarovať množstvo TFMK a&nbsp;NMK v&nbsp;potravin&aacute;ch.</span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
aterogénny potenciál
Pojem: 
Mediastinálny syndróm
Definícia: 

je definovaný ako syndróm, ktorý vzniká v dôsledku expanzie a tlaku mediastinálnej lézie na okolité štruktúry. To môže vyústiť až do život ohrozujúcej situácie ako napríklad obštrukcie dýchacieho stromu.

Pojem: 
Verukózny karcinóm Verukózny karcinóm
Definícia: 

Verukózny karcinóm (Ackermanov tumor) je „low-grade“ variant orálneho skvamocelulárneho (na slizniciach epidermoidného) karcinómu (M8051/3).

Kľúčové slovo: 
Verukózny karcinóm
Pojem: 
cholelitiáza
Definícia: 

t.j. žlčové kamene v žlčových cestách - najčastejšie v žlčníku (cholecystolitiáza), menej často ako choledocholitiáza alebo hepatikolitiáza. Patrí k najčastejším ochoreniam žlčníka a žlčových ciest. Postihuje až 20 %obyvateľstva. Výskyt stúpa s vekom. U žien sa vyskytuje 2 - 3 krát častejšie než u mužov. Cholelitiáza je častejšia u pacientov, kde rodičia alebo súrodenci mali toto ochorenie. Citované z: Brodanová M. Farmakoterapie cholelitiázy. Diagnóza, 1999; 2(8):11-12.

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