Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Extrakraniální radioterapie a radiochirurgie
Definícia: 

Extrakraniální stereotaktická radioterapie/radiochirurgie (SBRT – stereotactic body radiotherapy) využívá velmi přesné aplikace vysoké jednotlivé dávky záření v malém počtu frakcí. Díky stále lepší vybavenosti radioterapeutických pracovišť z hlediska možností obrazové navigace a fixace pacientů lze stereotaktický přístup využít prakticky ve všech anatomických lokalitách. S výhodou nalézá uplatnění zvláště při léčbě nádorových ložisek v plících, játrech, dutině břišní či pánvi a ve skeletu.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Radiochirurgie
Pojem: 
syndróm nedostatku testosterónu - TDS
Definícia: 

<div>TDS (testosterone deficiency syndrome) je definovan&yacute; ako klinick&yacute; a biochemick&yacute; syndr&oacute;m, ku ktor&eacute;mu doch&aacute;dza v procese starnutia mužov. Nedostatok testoster&oacute;nu u postihnut&yacute;ch mužov nepriaznivo vpl&yacute;va na funkcie viacer&yacute;ch org&aacute;nov&yacute;ch syst&eacute;mov. Vedie k podstatn&eacute;mu zhor&scaron;eniu kvality života. U mužov medzi 40 - 70 rokmi kles&aacute; biologicky akt&iacute;vny testoster&oacute;n v s&eacute;re približne o 1,2 % ročne.</div>

Kategória:

Pojem: 
Spolupráca endokrinológa a oftalmológa pri endokrinnej orbitopatii
Definícia: 

Práca sa venuje návodu, ako by mala vyzerať spolupráca oftalmológa s endokrinológom a zbytočným chybám, ku ktorým často zbytočne dochádza.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
hrúbka extraokulárnych svalov
vnútroočný tlak
epidemiologické faktory
Endokrinná orbitopatia
farebná dopplerovská ultrasonografia
Pojem: 
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) – epiteliálno-mezenchymálny prechod
Definícia: 

<p>
<pre>je fyziologick&yacute; proces prebiehaj&uacute;ci v embryogen&eacute;ze a pri hojen&iacute; r&aacute;n. Prejavuje sa aj v patologick&yacute;ch procesoch tumorigen&eacute;zy, ako s&uacute; inici&aacute;cia
a progresia n&aacute;dorov. Z&aacute;kladnou vlastnosťou EMT je strata epitelovej morfol&oacute;gie bunky a z&iacute;skanie vlastnost&iacute;, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; podobn&eacute; fibroblastom. Je
to sp&ocirc;soben&eacute; najm&auml; zn&iacute;ženou expresiou E-kadher&iacute;nu v d&ocirc;sledku aktiv&aacute;cie transkripčn&eacute;ho komplexu TCF/LEF s b-katen&iacute;nom, ako aj transkripčn&yacute;ch
faktorov Twist, Snai1, ZEB, ktor&yacute;ch aktivita koreluje s fenotypom kmeňov&yacute;ch buniek.</pre>
</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
iniciácia a progresia nádorov
Pojem: 
Nasýtené mastné kyseliny (NMK)
Definícia: 

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<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\"><span></span></span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;\">maj&uacute; druh&yacute; najvy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; aterog&eacute;nny potenci&aacute;l. NMK nie s&uacute; len v&nbsp;živoč&iacute;&scaron;nych tukoch (maslo 62 %, bravčov&aacute; masť 40 %), ale aj v&nbsp;niektor&yacute;ch rastlinn&yacute;ch tukoch (kokosov&yacute; a&nbsp;palmov&yacute; olej). Zatiaľ st&aacute;le ch&yacute;ba legislat&iacute;va určuj&uacute;ca povinnosť v&yacute;robcu jasne deklarovať množstvo TFMK a&nbsp;NMK v&nbsp;potravin&aacute;ch.</span></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
aterogénny potenciál
Pojem: 
Intususcepcia čreva (syn. invaginácia)
Definícia: 

Intususcepcia syn. invaginácia

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus ( syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).



Kľúčové slová: intususcepcia

Kategória:

Pojem: 
mastoiditida
Definícia: 

<p>
&nbsp;&ndash; z&aacute;nět bradavkov&eacute;ho v&yacute;čnělku, obv. jako komplikace z&aacute;nětu středn&iacute;ho ucha otitidy. Je nebezpečn&yacute; dal&scaron;&iacute;m &scaron;&iacute;řen&iacute;m infekce do mozku. Akutn&iacute; m. vznik&aacute; při mezotitidě, někdy v&scaron;ak se jej&iacute; př&iacute;znaky mohou projevit až po odezněn&iacute; nedostatečně l&eacute;čen&eacute;ho z&aacute;nětu. Jsou bolesti, celkov&eacute; př&iacute;znaky, v&yacute;tok z ucha, zhor&scaron;en&iacute; hypakuze, může b&yacute;t tinitus pulzuj&iacute;c&iacute;ho charakteru, lok&aacute;lně b&yacute;v&aacute; retroaurikul&aacute;rn&iacute; pros&aacute;knut&iacute;, bolestivost až absces. Diagn&oacute;zu doplňuj&iacute; i rtg změny. Terapie je operačn&iacute; &ndash; srov. antro mastoidektomie. Zvl. formami jsou tzv. okultn&iacute; m. může b&yacute;t u kojenců, nen&aacute;padn&aacute; je rovněž muk&oacute;zn&iacute; m. způsoben&aacute; Staphylococcus mucosus. Zdroj: Velk&yacute; l&eacute;kařsk&yacute; slovn&iacute;k&nbsp;http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/pojem/mastoiditida.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
komplikace zánětu středního ucha otitidy
Pojem: 
Magnetická rezonancia (MR)
Definícia: 

<p>
Magnetick&aacute; rezonancia (MR) je vy&scaron;etrovacia met&oacute;da, ktor&aacute; pomocou magnetick&eacute;ho poľa a elektromagnetick&eacute;ho vlnenia s vysokou frekvenciou umožňuje zobrazenie vn&uacute;tra ľudsk&eacute;ho tela.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
MR
MRI
Pojem: 
Počítačová tomografia (CT)
Definícia: 

<p>
Poč&iacute;tačov&aacute; tomografia (CT) je vy&scaron;etrovacia met&oacute;da, ktor&aacute; pomocou r&ouml;ntgenoveho žiarenia zobrazuje vn&uacute;tro ľudsk&eacute;ho tela.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
CT
Pojem: 
ERCP
Definícia: 

<p>
ERCP je endoskopick&aacute; retrogr&aacute;dna cholangiopankreatikografia umožňuj&uacute;ca za pomoci endoskopu a r&ouml;ntgenu zobrazenie žlčov&yacute;ch ciest a pankreatick&eacute;ho v&yacute;vodu</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
ERCP
endoskopická retrográdna cholangiopankreatikografia
Pojem: 
Zobrazenie pomocou ultrazvuku (USG, EUS)
Definícia: 

<p>
USG je zobrazenie vn&uacute;torn&yacute;ch čast&iacute; ľudsk&eacute;ho tela (parenchymat&oacute;zne org&aacute;ny, cievny syst&eacute;m, tekutinov&eacute; kolekcie atď) využ&iacute;vaj&uacute;ce ultrazvukov&eacute; vlnenie. Pri použit&iacute; &scaron;peci&aacute;lnej sondy v r&aacute;mci endoskopu hovor&iacute;me o endoskopickej ultrasonografii (EUS).&nbsp;</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
US
ultrazvukové zobrazenie
USG
EUS
Pojem: 
Pozitrónová emisná tomografia (PET)
Definícia: 

<p>
Pozitr&oacute;nov&aacute; emisn&aacute; tomografia (PET), je vy&scaron;etrenie zobrazuj&uacute;ce ochotu konkr&eacute;tneho tkaniva vychyt&aacute;vať pr&iacute;slu&scaron;n&eacute; r&aacute;diofarmakum. Jej princ&iacute;pom je lokaliz&aacute;cia vzniku fot&oacute;nov a n&aacute;sledn&aacute; trojrozmern&aacute; rekon&scaron;trukcia aktivity r&aacute;diofarmaka v tele.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
PET
pozitrónová emisná tomografia
Pojem: 
Epidurálny priestor
Definícia: 

<p>
presne vymedzen&yacute; priestor v chrbticovom kan&aacute;li medzi tvrdou plenou a žlt&yacute;m v&auml;zom. Miecha je chr&aacute;nen&aacute; miechov&yacute;mi obalmi a vonkaj&scaron;iu ochrann&uacute; vrstvu tvor&iacute; tvrd&aacute; plena.</p>

Kategória:

Pojem: 
mikroskopická hematúria
Definícia: 

<p>
pr&iacute;tomnosť krvi v moči, ktor&aacute; nie je viditeľn&aacute; voľn&yacute;m okom, len mikroskopick&yacute;m vy&scaron;etren&iacute;m moču</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
mikrohematúria
Pojem: 
makroskopická hematúria
Definícia: 

<p>
pr&iacute;tomnosť krvi v moči viditeľn&aacute; voľn&yacute;m okom</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
makrohematúria

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