Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
ADA - adenozindeamináza
Definícia: 

<p>je enz&yacute;m je reprezentovan&yacute; dvoma izoenz&yacute;mami &ndash; ADA1 a ADA2, ktor&eacute; maj&uacute; odli&scaron;n&eacute; vlastnosti, genetick&eacute; k&oacute;dovanie a in&uacute; distrib&uacute;ciu v s&eacute;re, v tkaniv&aacute;ch, bunk&aacute;ch. Ich hlavnou funkciou je deamin&aacute;cia dvoch nukleozidov &ndash; adenoz&iacute;nu (A) a 2-deoxyadenoz&iacute;nu (dA), ku ktor&yacute;m maj&uacute; oba izoen&yacute;my rozdielnu afinitu.</p>
Pojem: 
interferón gama
Definícia: 

cytokín, ktorý zohráva kľúčové miesto v imunológii vzniku tuberkulóznej pleuritídy i tuberkulózy samotnej, je produkovaný senzibilizovanými CD4 lymfocytmi po ich senzibilizácii mykobakteriálnym antigénom

Kľúčové slovo: 
cytokín
Pojem: 
PCR - polymeráza reťazová reakcia
Definícia: 

metóda, ktorou sa amplifikujú (namnožujú) určité sekvencie nukleových kyselín v biologických vzorkách. Namnožené sekvencie (amplikón) sa spájajú (hybridizujú) s príslušnými sondami. Vzniknú hybridy, ktorých množstvo sa stanovuje.
Pojem: 
tuberkulín
Definícia: 

<p>Produkt <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, zložen&yacute; z bielkov&iacute;n, polysacharidov a nukleov&yacute;ch kysel&iacute;n. P&ocirc;vodne bol z&iacute;skan&yacute; vo forme zahusten&eacute;ho filtr&aacute;tu čiastočne lyzovanej kult&uacute;ry <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>. Dnes sa použ&iacute;va čisten&yacute; prepar&aacute;t PPD (purifikovan&yacute; prote&iacute;nov&yacute; deriv&aacute;t).</p>

Kategória:

Pojem: 
Neuroinfekcia
Definícia: 

zápalové ochorenie nervového systému

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zápalové ochorenie
Pojem: 
Meningoencefalitída
Definícia: 

zápalom postihnuté mozgové obaly a mozog

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zápal
Pojem: 
Psychická alterácia
Definícia: 

vystupňované psychické príznaky - až halucinácie a delírium

Kategória:

Pojem: 
Hyperdenzné lézie
Definícia: 

ložiská zvýšenej aktivity ochorenia

Kategória:

Pojem: 
endogénna aktivácia
Definícia: 

mykobaktérie sa rozmnožia v zdanlivo stabilizovaných ložiskách, alebo aj okolo kalcifikovaných ložísk. To sa stáva pri oslabení organizmu inými vážnymi chorobami (dekompenzovaný diabetes, psychické stresy, podvýživa, AIDS), ale aj pri dlhodobom užívaní kortizonoidných prípravkov s imunosupresívnym účinkom.
Pojem: 
exogénna reinfekcia
Definícia: 

infekcia mykobaktériami u organizmu, ktorý už vykazoval pozitívnu reakciu na tuberkulín. Pôvodné baktérie však v opuzdrenom inaktívnom ložisku vymreli. Takýto organizmus ma v dobe reinfekcie zvonka opäť negatívnu tuberkulínovú skúšku.
Pojem: 
Pôsobenie liekov na tkanivové štruktúry oka
Definícia: 

<p>Celkovo pod&aacute;van&eacute; lieky sa cez cievny syst&eacute;m dost&aacute;vaj&uacute; aj do tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r oka. Komplexn&yacute; syst&eacute;m tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r oka s mnoh&yacute;mi enz&yacute;mov&yacute;mi syst&eacute;mami m&ocirc;že byť preto podľa farmakodynamick&yacute;ch vlastnost&iacute; s&uacute;časne&nbsp;ovplyvnen&yacute; p&ocirc;soben&iacute;m celkovo aplikovan&yacute;ch liekov. N&aacute;sledkom m&ocirc;žu vznikn&uacute;ť nežiaduce ak&uacute;tne, alebo chronick&eacute; (až ireverzibiln&eacute;) zmeny tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r očnej gule.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Nežiaduce účinky liekov na oko
Pojem: 
Abstinencia
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: 16px;\">Zdržanlivosť, striedmosť, zložit&yacute; a diferencovan&yacute; mechanizmus viazan&yacute; na subjekt, na ktor&yacute; vpl&yacute;vaj&uacute; exog&eacute;nne a endog&eacute;nne činitele, jej realiz&aacute;cia je mimoriadne ťažk&aacute; - abstinencia ako životn&yacute; &scaron;t&yacute;l alebo abstinencia prijat&aacute; ako ochrann&yacute; mechanizmus (www.infodrogy.sk).</span></p>
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Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zdržanlivosť
striedmosť
Pojem: 
Abstinenčný syndróm
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Pr&iacute;tomnosť nepr&iacute;jemn&yacute;ch fyzick&yacute;ch a niekedy aj psychick&yacute;ch pr&iacute;znakov, ak organizmus nie je intoxikovan&yacute; drogou &ndash; alkoholom, v&yacute;skyt a intenzita z&aacute;vis&iacute; od stupňa vytvorenej fyzickej z&aacute;vislosti, indik&aacute;tor fyzickej z&aacute;vislosti (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
nepríjemné fyzické a psychické príznaky
Pojem: 
Alkohol
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Je zn&aacute;my už od praveku, z&iacute;skava sa z pr&iacute;rodn&yacute;ch zdrojov, chemicky ide o etylalkohol. Ovplyvňuje predov&scaron;etk&yacute;m l&aacute;tkov&uacute; premenu a nervov&yacute; syst&eacute;m. Farmakologick&eacute; vlastnosti s&uacute; tlmiv&eacute;, euforizačn&eacute; a analgetick&eacute;. Je v&scaron;eobecne vn&iacute;man&yacute; ako spoločensky akceptovan&aacute;, &bdquo;leg&aacute;lna droga&ldquo;. Alkoholov&aacute; z&aacute;vislosť patr&iacute; medzi jeden z najz&aacute;važnej&scaron;&iacute;ch medic&iacute;nskych a spoločensk&yacute;ch probl&eacute;mov. Alkohol m&ocirc;že mať svojim p&ocirc;soben&iacute;m na psychiku a soci&aacute;lne spr&aacute;vanie človeka negat&iacute;vny vplyv nielen na samotn&eacute;ho jedinca, ale aj na cel&eacute; soci&aacute;lne prostredie (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></span></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
etylalkohol ovplyvňujúci najmä látkovú premenu a nervový systém
Pojem: 
Craving
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Prahnutie (baženie), v&yacute;znamn&yacute; znak z&aacute;vislosti, t&uacute;žba pociťovať &uacute;činky psychoakt&iacute;vnej l&aacute;tky, s ktorou už mal jednotlivec sk&uacute;senosť (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></span></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
prahnutie
Pojem: 
Závislosť
Definícia: 

<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>46</o:Words> <o:Characters>266</o:Characters> <o:Company>elisimon.mail@gmail.com</o:Company> <o:Lines>2</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>311</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch> <o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>CS</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian> 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException 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<![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">S&uacute;bor pr&iacute;znakov (sympt&oacute;mov), ktor&eacute; vznikaj&uacute; n&aacute;sledkom p&ocirc;sobenia pr&iacute;slu&scaron;n&eacute;ho podnetu (už&iacute;vanie alkoholu) na organizmus alebo psychiku človeka, pr&iacute;znaky sa aktivizuj&uacute; pri oslaben&iacute; p&ocirc;sobenia podnetu, ale najm&auml; pri jeho absencii, v&aacute;&scaron;niv&aacute; (chorobn&aacute;) t&uacute;žba mimo autoregulačn&yacute;ch možnost&iacute; postihnut&eacute;ho (www.infodrogy.sk)</span><!--EndFragment--></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
vášnivá (chorobná) túžba
Pojem: 
Invaginácia
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus (syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
invaginácia
Pojem: 
Intususcepcia
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus ( syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kľúčové slovo: 
intususcepcia
Pojem: 
Zapošvenie
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus ( syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zapošvenie
Pojem: 
Danceov príznak
Definícia: 

Typický nález pri invaginácii čreva. Pohmatovo prázdne pravé hypogastrium a hmatná rezistencia v dutine brušnej.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
invaginácia

Stránky