Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Lymfokéla
Definícia: 

Lymfou vyplnená kolekcia v retroperitoneu, ktorá nemá žiadnu epitelovú výstelku.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Radikálna operácia
Lymfadenektómia
Pojem: 
Skleroterapia
Definícia: 

Injekcia chemického iritans do cievy na jej sklerotizáciu. Chemická látka dráždi výstelku cievy, spôsobujúc jej opuch a zrážanie krvi. Cieva sa premení na jazvovité tkanivo, ktoré sa stane neviditeľným. Krvný tok sa presúva do blízkych zdravých ciev.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Lymfocysta
Hemoroid
Varix
Pojem: 
Marsupializácia
Definícia: 

Premena uzatvorenej dutiny na otvorené púzdro jej incíziou a sutúrou okrajov jej steny k okrajom rany.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Absces
Cysta
Pojem: 
Laryngeálna kanyla
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: CS; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Larynge&aacute;lna kanyla </span><span style=\"font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: CS; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">je jednorazov&aacute; supraglotick&aacute; pom&ocirc;cka na zaistenie priechodnosti horn&yacute;ch d&yacute;chac&iacute;ch ciest.</span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
laryngeálna kanyla
Pojem: 
ERC
Definícia: 

<p>Eur&oacute;pska resuscitačn&aacute; rada</p>

Pojem: 
Aspirácia
Definícia: 

<p>vd&yacute;chnutie cudz&iacute;ch telies ev. žal&uacute;dočn&eacute;ho obsahu do priedu&scaron;nice</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
aspirácia
Pojem: 
laparoskópia
Definícia: 

operačná technika založená na princípe použitia špeciálnych nástrojov, ktoré sa zavádzajú do dutiny brušnej cez maličké (niekoľko milimetrové) rany

Kľúčové slovo: 
laparoskópia
Pojem: 
sutúra vredu
Definícia: 

operačné ošetrenie, zašitie otvoru

Kľúčové slovo: 
sutúra
Pojem: 
gastroduodénum
Definícia: 

časť tráviaceho traktu, ktorú tvorí žalúdok a dvanástnik

Kľúčové slovo: 
gastroduodénum
Pojem: 
Kolorektálny karcinóm
Definícia: 

Najčastejší karcinóm postihujúci hrubé črevo a rektum. Slovensko v súčastnosti patrí medzi krajiny s najväčšou prevalenciou tohto ochorenia.

Kľúčové slovo: 
kolorektálny karcinóm
Pojem: 
CD antigén
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: Times; font-size: medium;\">Bunkov&eacute; diferenciačn&eacute; molekuly (CD antig&eacute;ny) s&uacute; molekuly bunkov&eacute;ho povrchu, ktor&eacute; s&uacute; spojen&eacute; s&nbsp;r&ocirc;znymi funkciami organizmu, najm&auml; v &nbsp;imunitnom syst&eacute;me. CD antig&eacute;ny s&uacute; napr. receptory pre rastov&eacute; faktory, receptory pre zložky komplementu, adhez&iacute;vne molekuly... .</span></p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
CD antigén
Pojem: 
FDA
Definícia: 

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Kľúčové slovo: 
Food and Drug Administration
FDA
Pojem: 
Numerické chromozómové aberácie
Definícia: 

<p>Odch&yacute;lky od norm&aacute;lneho diploidn&eacute;ho počtu chromoz&oacute;mov v zmysle ch&yacute;baj&uacute;ceho alebo nadpočetn&eacute;ho chromoz&oacute;mu (aneuploidia) alebo celej sady chromoz&oacute;mov (polyploidia, haploidia). Tieto odch&yacute;lky je možn&eacute; detegovať pomocou klasickej cytogenetiky, FISH anal&yacute;zou a pomocou CGH.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
chromozóm
Pojem: 
Štruktúrne chromozómové aberácie
Definícia: 

<p>Zmeny genetick&eacute;ho materi&aacute;lu, kedy sa men&iacute; &scaron;trukt&uacute;ra, a teda poradie g&eacute;nov a z&aacute;roveň m&ocirc;že časť genetick&eacute;ho materi&aacute;lu ch&yacute;bať, alebo sa m&ocirc;že str&aacute;cať. Doch&aacute;dza k preskupovaniu čast&iacute; tela alebo cel&eacute;ho tela dvoch a viacer&yacute;ch chromoz&oacute;mov navz&aacute;jom (translok&aacute;cie, inzercie...), pr&iacute;padne v r&aacute;mci jedn&eacute;ho chromoz&oacute;mu (inverzie, kruhov&eacute; chromoz&oacute;my...)</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
chromozóm
Pojem: 
RealTime PCR
Definícia: 

<p>Met&oacute;da s rovnak&yacute;m princ&iacute;pom ako klasick&aacute; PCR založen&aacute; na cyklickej mnohon&aacute;sobnej amplifik&aacute;cii vopred zvolen&eacute;ho &uacute;seku DNA. Pomocou nej sme schopn&iacute; zistiť pr&iacute;tomnosť alebo nepr&iacute;tomnosť určitej konkr&eacute;tnej aber&aacute;cie. RealTime PCR navy&scaron;e umožňuje definovať percentu&aacute;lne zast&uacute;penie patologick&yacute;ch buniek vo vy&scaron;etrovanej vzorke biologick&eacute;ho materi&aacute;lu.</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
PCR
Pojem: 
Beta - talasémia
Definícia: 

Definícia: Beta-talasémia je vrodená choroba hemoglobínu, ktorá je charakterizovaná redukovanou syntézou beta-globínového reťazca. Zapríčiňuje ju mutácia beta-globínového génu, zriedka jeho delécia alebo delécie či mutácie kontrolného regiónu v lókuse. Citované: Bain, B.J.: Hemoglobinopathy diagnosis. Blackwell Publishing. 2006; s. 36-138.

Kľúčové slovo: 
deficitná kvantitatívna syntéza beta - globínového reťazca
Pojem: 
Hemoglobinopatia
Definícia: 

Hemoglobinopatia je vrodená choroba, ktorá vzniká syntézou štrukturálne abnormálneho hemoglobínu. Termín sa používa aj konkrétne pre talasémie, kde je redukovaná syntéza globínových reťazcov. Citované: Bain, B.J.: Hemoglobinopathy diagnosis. Blackwell Publishing. 2006; (Glossary)

Kľúčové slovo: 
porucha syntézy globínových reťazcov hemoglobínu
Pojem: 
Elektroforéza hemoglobínu
Definícia: 

Elektroforéza hemoglobínu je vyšetrenie, ktoré slúži na zistenie prítomnosti abnormálnych hemoglobínov alebo na percentuálne zastúpenie jednotlivých fyziologických hemoglobínov. Vykonáva sa na acetátcelulóze alebo na agarózovom géle. Citované: Pecka, M. a kolektív: Prraktická hematologie. Laboratorní metody. Infiniti art. 2010; 343s.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Laboratórna deliaca metóda na princípe rôzneho pohybu jednotlivých hemoglobínov v elektrickom poli.
Pojem: 
Akcelerácia rádioterapie
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Skr&aacute;tenie celkov&eacute;ho času liečby r&aacute;dioterapiou, pričom d&aacute;vka na jednu frakciu ani celkov&aacute; aplikovan&aacute; d&aacute;vka sa nemen&iacute;.</p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Citovan&eacute; z: HALPERIN, E.C. a kol. Perez and Brady\'s Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. 5th. ed. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilins, 2008. 2106 s. ISBN 978-0-7817-6369-1</p>
</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
skrátenie celkového času liečby
Pojem: 
Hyperfrakcionácia rádioterapie
Definícia: 

<p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Použitie men&scaron;&iacute;ch než &scaron;tandardn&yacute;ch d&aacute;vok na frakciu, č&iacute;m sa zv&yacute;&scaron;i počet aplikovan&yacute;ch frakci&iacute; r&aacute;dioterapie.</p>
<p class=\"MsoNormal\">Citovan&eacute; z: HALPERIN, E.C. a kol. Perez and Brady\'s Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. 5th. ed. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilins, 2008. 2106 s. ISBN 978-0-7817-6369-1</p>
</p>

Kľúčové slovo: 
zvýšenie počtu frakcií

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