Globálny slovník portálu IMED

Pojem: 
Karcinom
Definícia: 

Karcinom (z řeckého karkinôma) je nádorové onemocnění, vycházející z epitelu, tedy např. z vrstev kůže či sliznic, jde tedy o nádory z tkání ektodermálního či entodermálního původu. Většina karcinomů pochází z krycího epitelu, nebo žlázového epitelu. Karcinomy tvoří cca 80% maligních nádorů.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Nádorové onemocnění
Pojem: 
Kapsida
Definícia: 

Kapsida, též kapsid, je obal virionové částice. Skládá se z proteinových podjednotek – kapsomer – a obklopuje nukleovou kyselinu (DNA nebo RNA) viru. Kapsida má ochrannou funkci a zaniká, jakmile virus dosáhne hostitelské buňky a počne se replikovat. Proteiny kapsidy představují řadu antigenů, proti kterým organismus vytváří protilátky.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Obal virionové částice
Pojem: 
Dysurie
Definícia: 

Dysurie je pálivá a řezavá bolest vycházející z močové trubice nebo jejího okolí při močení. Mezi její příčiny se řadí: lokální podráždění ústí močové trubice (intertrigo, balanitida, vulvovaginitida, užití nevhodných mýdel nebo přísad do koupelí), evakuace příliš koncentrované moči (dehydratace), zánět dolních močových cest (cystitida, uretritida), užití léků dráždících sliznici močového měchýře (sulfonamidy, cyklofosfamid, amitriptylin).

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Pálivá a řezavá bolest při močení
Pojem: 
genetický polymorfismus
Definícia: 

Existence dvou nebo více alel (variant genů) v jednom lokusu, převyšující svým výskytem 1% výskyt v populaci. Příčinou přitom nejsou opakovaně probíhající mutace.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
varianta genu
Pojem: 
Asociační studie
Definícia: 

<span style="\&quot;font-size:" 12pt;="" font-family:="" &quot;arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;\"="">studie, která testuje vztah mezi konkrétní alelou, genotypem nebo haplotypem (souborem úzce vázaných genotypů) a onemocněním.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
alela
Pojem: 
Genotoxická látka
Definícia: 

 

<p style="\&quot;text-align:" justify;\"=""> Látka, ktorá spôsobuje zmenu genetického materiálu v jeho štruktúre alebo sekvencii báz na úrovni nukleových kyselín génov alebo chromozómov.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Genotoxická látka
Pojem: 
Genetická toxikológia
Definícia: 

 

<p style="\&quot;text-align:" justify;\"=""> Interdisciplinárna veda, ktorej predmetom je identifikácia mutagénneho a karcinogénneho účinku chemických, fyzikálnych a biologických agensov a ich dopad na zdravie a genetický materiál človeka.

Kľúčové slovo: 
Genetická toxikológia
Pojem: 
Genetické riziko
Definícia: 

 

<p style="\&quot;text-align:" justify;\"=""> Schopnosť environmentálneho faktora vyvolávať v pohlavných bunkách človeka mutácie, ktoré determináciou dedičných ochorení negatívne ovplyvňujú kvalitu ľudského genofondu, zvyšujú reprodukčné straty a uplatňujú sa pri niektorých druhoch vrodených defektov a vývojových chýb.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Genetické riziko
Pojem: 
Dedičné poruchy metabolizmu lyzozómov
Definícia: 

<p>
Do skupiny lyzoz&oacute;mov&yacute;ch ochoren&iacute; patr&iacute; viac ako 40 nozologick&yacute;ch jednotiek, ktor&eacute; m&ocirc;žu byť sp&ocirc;soben&eacute;: 1. zn&iacute;ženou aktivitou enz&yacute;mov potrebn&yacute;ch na intracelul&aacute;rnu degrad&aacute;ciu vysokomolekulov&yacute;ch l&aacute;tok, 2. defektom lyzoz&oacute;mov&eacute;ho transportu l&aacute;tok, 3. ch&yacute;ban&iacute;m receptora pre man&oacute;zo-6-fosf&aacute;t, ktor&yacute; je potrebn&yacute; k presunu en&yacute;mov z cytoplazmy do lyzoz&oacute;mov. V d&ocirc;sledku defektu metabolizmu sa nekompletne degradovan&eacute; metabolity hromadia v lyzoz&oacute;moch.</p>
<p>
&nbsp;</p>

Kategória:

Pojem: 
Pôsobenie liekov na tkanivové štruktúry oka
Definícia: 

<p>Celkovo pod&aacute;van&eacute; lieky sa cez cievny syst&eacute;m dost&aacute;vaj&uacute; aj do tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r oka. Komplexn&yacute; syst&eacute;m tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r oka s mnoh&yacute;mi enz&yacute;mov&yacute;mi syst&eacute;mami m&ocirc;že byť preto podľa farmakodynamick&yacute;ch vlastnost&iacute; s&uacute;časne&nbsp;ovplyvnen&yacute; p&ocirc;soben&iacute;m celkovo aplikovan&yacute;ch liekov. N&aacute;sledkom m&ocirc;žu vznikn&uacute;ť nežiaduce ak&uacute;tne, alebo chronick&eacute; (až ireverzibiln&eacute;) zmeny tkanivov&yacute;ch &scaron;trukt&uacute;r očnej gule.</p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
Nežiaduce účinky liekov na oko
Pojem: 
Abstinencia
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: 16px;\">Zdržanlivosť, striedmosť, zložit&yacute; a diferencovan&yacute; mechanizmus viazan&yacute; na subjekt, na ktor&yacute; vpl&yacute;vaj&uacute; exog&eacute;nne a endog&eacute;nne činitele, jej realiz&aacute;cia je mimoriadne ťažk&aacute; - abstinencia ako životn&yacute; &scaron;t&yacute;l alebo abstinencia prijat&aacute; ako ochrann&yacute; mechanizmus (www.infodrogy.sk).</span></p>
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Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zdržanlivosť
striedmosť
Pojem: 
Abstinenčný syndróm
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Pr&iacute;tomnosť nepr&iacute;jemn&yacute;ch fyzick&yacute;ch a niekedy aj psychick&yacute;ch pr&iacute;znakov, ak organizmus nie je intoxikovan&yacute; drogou &ndash; alkoholom, v&yacute;skyt a intenzita z&aacute;vis&iacute; od stupňa vytvorenej fyzickej z&aacute;vislosti, indik&aacute;tor fyzickej z&aacute;vislosti (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
nepríjemné fyzické a psychické príznaky
Pojem: 
Alkohol
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Je zn&aacute;my už od praveku, z&iacute;skava sa z pr&iacute;rodn&yacute;ch zdrojov, chemicky ide o etylalkohol. Ovplyvňuje predov&scaron;etk&yacute;m l&aacute;tkov&uacute; premenu a nervov&yacute; syst&eacute;m. Farmakologick&eacute; vlastnosti s&uacute; tlmiv&eacute;, euforizačn&eacute; a analgetick&eacute;. Je v&scaron;eobecne vn&iacute;man&yacute; ako spoločensky akceptovan&aacute;, &bdquo;leg&aacute;lna droga&ldquo;. Alkoholov&aacute; z&aacute;vislosť patr&iacute; medzi jeden z najz&aacute;važnej&scaron;&iacute;ch medic&iacute;nskych a spoločensk&yacute;ch probl&eacute;mov. Alkohol m&ocirc;že mať svojim p&ocirc;soben&iacute;m na psychiku a soci&aacute;lne spr&aacute;vanie človeka negat&iacute;vny vplyv nielen na samotn&eacute;ho jedinca, ale aj na cel&eacute; soci&aacute;lne prostredie (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></span></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
etylalkohol ovplyvňujúci najmä látkovú premenu a nervový systém
Pojem: 
Craving
Definícia: 

<p><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\'; font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">Prahnutie (baženie), v&yacute;znamn&yacute; znak z&aacute;vislosti, t&uacute;žba pociťovať &uacute;činky psychoakt&iacute;vnej l&aacute;tky, s ktorou už mal jednotlivec sk&uacute;senosť (www.infodrogy.sk).</span><!--EndFragment--></span></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
prahnutie
Pojem: 
Závislosť
Definícia: 

<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Revision>0</o:Revision> <o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime> <o:Pages>1</o:Pages> <o:Words>46</o:Words> <o:Characters>266</o:Characters> <o:Company>elisimon.mail@gmail.com</o:Company> <o:Lines>2</o:Lines> <o:Paragraphs>1</o:Paragraphs> <o:CharactersWithSpaces>311</o:CharactersWithSpaces> <o:Version>14.0</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch> <o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>CS</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian> 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<w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" SemiHidden=\"false\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"false\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\" /> <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" SemiHidden=\"false\" 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<![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: SK; mso-fareast-language: SK; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\" lang=\"SK\">S&uacute;bor pr&iacute;znakov (sympt&oacute;mov), ktor&eacute; vznikaj&uacute; n&aacute;sledkom p&ocirc;sobenia pr&iacute;slu&scaron;n&eacute;ho podnetu (už&iacute;vanie alkoholu) na organizmus alebo psychiku človeka, pr&iacute;znaky sa aktivizuj&uacute; pri oslaben&iacute; p&ocirc;sobenia podnetu, ale najm&auml; pri jeho absencii, v&aacute;&scaron;niv&aacute; (chorobn&aacute;) t&uacute;žba mimo autoregulačn&yacute;ch možnost&iacute; postihnut&eacute;ho (www.infodrogy.sk)</span><!--EndFragment--></p>

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
vášnivá (chorobná) túžba
Pojem: 
Invaginácia
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus (syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
invaginácia
Pojem: 
Intususcepcia
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus ( syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kľúčové slovo: 
intususcepcia
Pojem: 
Zapošvenie
Definícia: 

Teleskopické vsunutie orálneho segmentu čreva do aborálneho spolu s mezentériom, ktoré vyvoláva strangulačný ileus ( syn. invaginácia, intususcepcia, zapošvenie).

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
zapošvenie
Pojem: 
Danceov príznak
Definícia: 

Typický nález pri invaginácii čreva. Pohmatovo prázdne pravé hypogastrium a hmatná rezistencia v dutine brušnej.

Kategória:

Kľúčové slovo: 
invaginácia

Stránky